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Electric Vehicle: The future wave of the automobile sector

In view of global warming and climate change, countries around the world are looking at the need to switch from combustion fuel to electric vehicles (EVs). As the awareness of global warming and climate change is increasing, the demand for products like electric vehicles are increasing. It is believed that the electric vehicle is not just the wave of future, but it is saving lives of living beings gradually.

Increasingly we are seeing EVs like cars, transit buses, trucks, tractor trailers which are powered by electricity. Electric Vehicles can be categorised into three categories.

Battery Electric vehicles:

Battery Electric vehicles are fully electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine. These vehicles have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. These vehicles use a huge traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged in to a wall outlet or charging equipment, known as electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE).

Chemical substances used in battery electric vehicles include graphite, cobalt, lithium, manganese and nickel.

Plug-in Hybrid:

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles use batteries to power the electric motor and fuel like gasoline to power an internal combustion engine.

Fuel Cell electric vehicle

Fuel Cell electric vehicle are powered by hydrogen. These vehicles are more efficient than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and produce no tailpipe emissions. They only emit water vapor and warm air.

In the development of Fuel Cell, Platinum and Ruthenium play a large role. Platinum acts as a catalyst. It converts hydrogen and oxygen to heat, water, and electricity.

Ruthenium oxidises carbon monoxide and by doing so it removes carbon monoxide from the surface of the platinum to stop surface blockage, which decreases the activity of platinum-based electrocatalysts in fuel cells.